Jute

Jute

Bangla /Local name: পাট (‘Pat’)

Two species of jute are cultivated:

White jute:  Corchorus capsularis L.

Tossa jute : C. olitorius L.

Table 1. Differences between  Corchorus capsularis and C.olitorius

Figure: White jute fruit	Figure: Fruit of Tussa Jute
Figure: Seed of White Jute	Figure: Seed of Tussa Jute

White Jute

Scientific name: Corchorus capsularis L.

Bangla/local name: Deshi pat

Taxonomic Position According to Cronquist (1988)

Kingdom         : Plantae

Division           : Magnoliophyta

Class               : Magnoliopsida

Order              : Malvales

Family             : Tiliaceae

Genus              : Corchorus

Species            : C. capsularis

Fig. Jute field

Distribution: India and Sri Lanka and most of the tropical countries. In Bangladesh, it is cultivated throughout the country

Botanical Description of White Jute

Habit: Annual herb

Root: Tap root system

Stem: Erect, glabrous, woody, solid, strong phloem fiber present in the stem

Leaf: Simple, alternate, lanceolate, margin of the lamina is serrated.

Fig. Leaf of C. capsularis

Inflorescence: Axillary cyme

Flower: Actinomorphic, pedicilate, hermaphrodite

Calyx: Sepal 5, polysepalous, aestivation valvate

Corolla: Petal 5, polypetalous, aestivation twisted

Androecium: Stamen many, free, present in many whorls.

Gynoecium: Carpel three, syncarpous, ovary superior, placentation axile

Fruit: capsule

Chromosome number: 2n=8, 14, 16, 28 (Kumar and Subramaniam, 1986). 

Economic Importance: Jute fiber is obtained from the secondary phloem of the plant.The infusion of leaves is used as a popular domestic  medicine for disorder of the liver and is of great value in alleviating the symptoms of burning hands and feet.

Fig. Anatomy of Jute Stem (C. capsularis)

Fig. Anatomy of Jute Root (C. capsularis)

Tossa Jute 

Scientific name: Corchorus olitorius L.

English name: Tossa Jute

Bangla/local name: Tosha Pat; Lalita Pat, Deo-pat 

Taxonomic Position According to Cronquist (1988)

Kingdom         : Plantae

Division           :Magnoliophyta

Class               : Magnoliopsida

Order               : Malvales

Family             : Tiliaceae

Genus             : Corchorus

Species            : C. olitorius

Distribution: India, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Indo-China, Australia and the Philippines. In Bangladesh, it is cultivated all over the country.

Botanical Description  of Tossa Jute

Habit: Annual herb 30-250 cm tall

Root: Tap root system

Stem: Erect, glabrous, woody, solid, strong phloem fiber present in the stem

Leaf: Simple, alternate, lanceolate, margin of the lamina is serrated. Leaf base with a pair of filiform appendages.

Fig. Fruit of C. olitorius

Fig. Leaf of C. olitorius

Inflorescence: Axillary cyme

Flower: Actinomorphic, pedicilate, hermaphrodite

Calyx: Sepal 5, polysepalous, aestivation valvate

Corolla: Petal 5, polypetalous, aestivation twisted.

Androecium: Stamen many, free, present in many whorls.

Gynoecium: Carpel three, syncarpous, ovary superior, placentation axile

Fruit: capsule

Chromosome number: 2n=14 (Khatoon and Ali, 1993) 

 Economic Importance: Jute fiber is obtained from the secondary phloem of the plant. The infusion of leaves is used as a popular domestic  medicine for disorder of the liver and is of great value in alleviating the symptoms of burning hands and feet. The infusion is also used as a bitter tonic high and also prescribed to treat dysentery, skin diseases and disorder of the digestive system.

Chromosome number: 2n=27, 36 (Fedorov, 1969) 

Table 3. Common cultivated jute varieties developed by BJRI and BINA 

 Economic Importance

Jute Product

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