Jute

Jute
Bangla /Local name: পাট (‘Pat’)
Two species of jute are cultivated:
White jute: Corchorus capsularis L.
Tossa jute : C. olitorius L.
Table 1. Differences between Corchorus capsularis and C.olitorius
Corchorus capsularis L. | C. olitorius L.
|
Shorter than C olitorius plant | Taller than Corchorus capsularis |
Leaves are dark green | Leaves are light green |
Leaf is bitter in taste | Sweet/bitterless in taste |
Fruits are round | Fruits are elongated |
Seeds are dark color | Seeds are bluish green in color |
Fiber is white in color | Fiber is golden in color |
Both upland and lowland culture | Mostly upland culture |
White Jute
Scientific name: Corchorus capsularis L.
Bangla/local name: Deshi pat
Taxonomic Position According to Cronquist (1988)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Order : Malvales
Family : Tiliaceae
Genus : Corchorus
Species : C. capsularis
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka and most of the tropical countries. In Bangladesh, it is cultivated throughout the country
Botanical Description of White Jute
Habit: Annual herb
Root: Tap root system
Stem: Erect, glabrous, woody, solid, strong phloem fiber present in the stem
Leaf: Simple, alternate, lanceolate, margin of the lamina is serrated.
Inflorescence: Axillary cyme
Flower: Actinomorphic, pedicilate, hermaphrodite
Calyx: Sepal 5, polysepalous, aestivation valvate
Corolla: Petal 5, polypetalous, aestivation twisted
Androecium: Stamen many, free, present in many whorls.
Gynoecium: Carpel three, syncarpous, ovary superior, placentation axile
Fruit: capsule
Chromosome number: 2n=8, 14, 16, 28 (Kumar and Subramaniam, 1986).
Economic Importance: Jute fiber is obtained from the secondary phloem of the plant.The infusion of leaves is used as a popular domestic medicine for disorder of the liver and is of great value in alleviating the symptoms of burning hands and feet.
Tossa Jute
Scientific name: Corchorus olitorius L.
English name: Tossa Jute
Bangla/local name: Tosha Pat; Lalita Pat, Deo-pat
Taxonomic Position According to Cronquist (1988)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division :Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Order : Malvales
Family : Tiliaceae
Genus : Corchorus
Species : C. olitorius
Distribution: India, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Indo-China, Australia and the Philippines. In Bangladesh, it is cultivated all over the country.
Botanical Description of Tossa Jute
Habit: Annual herb 30-250 cm tall
Root: Tap root system
Stem: Erect, glabrous, woody, solid, strong phloem fiber present in the stem
Leaf: Simple, alternate, lanceolate, margin of the lamina is serrated. Leaf base with a pair of filiform appendages.
Inflorescence: Axillary cyme
Flower: Actinomorphic, pedicilate, hermaphrodite
Calyx: Sepal 5, polysepalous, aestivation valvate
Corolla: Petal 5, polypetalous, aestivation twisted.
Androecium: Stamen many, free, present in many whorls.
Gynoecium: Carpel three, syncarpous, ovary superior, placentation axile
Fruit: capsule
Chromosome number: 2n=14 (Khatoon and Ali, 1993)
Economic Importance: Jute fiber is obtained from the secondary phloem of the plant. The infusion of leaves is used as a popular domestic medicine for disorder of the liver and is of great value in alleviating the symptoms of burning hands and feet. The infusion is also used as a bitter tonic high and also prescribed to treat dysentery, skin diseases and disorder of the digestive system.
Chromosome number: 2n=27, 36 (Fedorov, 1969)
Table 3. Common cultivated jute varieties developed by BJRI and BINA
Serial Number | Name of variety | Developed by | Growing season | Average yield
(t ha-1) |
1 | Chinsura Green | BJRI | Kharif | 2.03 |
2 | O-5 | BJRI | Kharif | 2.13 |
3 | BJRI Tossa-1 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.25 |
4 | BJRI Tossa-2 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.52 |
5 | BJRI Tossa-3 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.52 |
6 | BJRI Tossa-4 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.81 |
7 | BJRI Tossa-5 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.52 |
8 | Atompat-38 | BINA | Kharif | 2.8 |
9 | Binadeshipat-2 | BINA | Kharif | 3.29 |
10 | Binapatshak-1 | BINA | Kharif | 3.5 |
CVL-1 | BINA | Kharif | ||
11 | Kakya Bombai | BJRI | Kharif | 1.82 |
12 | R-85 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.85 |
13 | D-154 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.85 |
14 | D-386 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.8 |
15 | Funduk | BJRI | Kharif | 1.68 |
16 | C-1 | BJRI | Kharif | 2.09 |
17 | C-2 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.97 |
18 | C-3 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.89 |
19 | C-4 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.56 |
20 | C-5 | BJRI | Kharif | 1.56 |
21 | BJRI Deshi-1 | BJRI | Kharif | 4.89 |
22 | BJRI Deshi-2 | BJRI | Kharif | 5.16 |
22 | BJRI Deshi-3 (CVE-3) | BJRI | Kharif | 4.52 |
23 | BJRI Deshi-4 (CC-45) | BJRI | Kharif | 5.16 |
24 | Chatti | BJRI | Kharif | 2.75 |
25 | BJRI Deshi-6 (BJC-83) | BJRI | Kharif | 4.89 |
26 | BJRI Deshi-7 (BJC-2142) | BJRI | Kharif | 4.89 |
Economic Importance
Jute Product
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